Background Advances in medicine and surgery have allowed patients, who in the past would have required more aggressive amputations, to maintain longer stump lengths.Microvascular free tissue transfer has become increasingly popular to preserve limb length and optimize functionality.We present our experience using microvascular free flap reconstruct
Abstract Background The evolutionary importance of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) from Wolbachia endosymbiotic bacteria to their eukaryotic hosts is a topic of considerable interest and debate.Recent transfers of genome fragments from Wolbachia into insect chromosomes have been reported, but it has been argued that these fragments may be on an evol
Abstract Background Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that manifests primarily with jaundice and pruritus and can progresses from persistent cholestasis to cirrhosis and late childhood liver failure.Classically, progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis is classified into three subtypes: 1,
In vertebrates and invertebrates specialized cellular protrusions, called signaling filopodia or cytonemes, play an important role in cell-cell communication by carrying receptors and ej10 ligands to distant cells to activate various signaling pathways.In the chicken embryo, signaling filopodia were described in limb bud mesenchyme and in somite ep